This study aimed to develop a new method based on the transient plane source (TPS) technique to simultaneously measure the in-plane and across-plane thermal conductivities of anisotropic insulating materials using one experimental test. It was found from the experimental results of the thermal conductivities of the anisotropic silica aerogel samples that both the in-plane thermal conductivity and cross-plane thermal conductivity increased with increasing the ambient temperature. The results demonstrated that ...